calculate_equity_value_from_enterprise_value

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Calculate equity value from enterprise value: the value attributable to common shareholders, derived by subtracting net debt (total debt minus cash) from enterprise value — the reverse of the EV bridge. Formula: Equity Value = Enterprise Value - Total Debt + Cash & Equivalents. WHEN TO USE: Use when you hold enterprise value (e.g. from a DCF or an EV multiple) and need the implied equity value / market capitalisation for per-share or acquisition-equity figures. WHEN NOT TO USE: Do NOT use when you already have market capitalisation directly; and do NOT net non-interest-bearing liabilities — only interest-bearing total debt is subtracted. BEHAVIOUR: pure deterministic calculation — no side effects, no network or storage access; idempotent and non-destructive; identical inputs always produce identical outputs. Division by zero, non-finite inputs, or mathematically undefined combinations return an explicit error instead of a number. RETURNS: JSON object { equity_value_from_enterprise_value: number (currency), inputs }. PARAMETERS: enterprise_value (required): Enterprise value in currency units, e.g. 10000000. Must be >= 0. total_debt (required): Total interest-bearing debt (short + long term), e.g. 2000000. Must be >= 0. cash_and_equivalents (required): Cash and cash equivalents to add back, e.g. 500000. Must be >= 0.