gnomad_get_gene_constraint

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Fetch gnomAD loss-of-function constraint for a gene — pLI (probability of LoF intolerance; >0.9 intolerant), LOEUF (oe_lof_upper, the headline metric; <0.6 intolerant in v4, <0.35 in v2) plus its lower bound, observed/expected ratios for LoF, missense, and synonymous variation, and the three Z-scores. This is the orthogonal axis to allele frequency: a loss-of-function variant matters far more in a gene intolerant to being broken. Accepts an HGNC symbol (PCSK9) or an Ensembl gene ID (ENSG00000169174). Many genes have null constraint (sparse upstream) — null fields are reported as such, never fabricated. v4 constraint is flagged beta by the gnomAD team; constraint_flags surfaces any caveats. Echoes the effective dataset and reference build.